What is the purpose of fine grinding?
What is the purpose of fine grinding? Ultrafine grinding refers to the operation technology of crushing material particles above 3 mm to 10-25 microns by using electric mechanical or hydrodynamic methods to overcome the internal cohesion of solids. It is a kind of material processing high technology produced after the 1970s to adapt to the development of modern high technology. Ultrafine powder is the final product of ultrafine grinding, which has special physical and chemical properties that general particles do not have, such as good solubility, dispersion, adsorption, chemical reactivity and so on. Therefore, ultra-fine powder has been widely used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, pesticides, dyes, coatings, electronics and aerospace and many other fields.
Definition：
The grinding chamber uses mechanical force to overcome the internal cohesion of the solid material to achieve the unit operation of crushing it. It is customary sometimes to split large pieces of material into small pieces of material operation called crushing; The operation of splitting small pieces of material into fine powder is called grinding or grinding, and both are collectively referred to as grinding. The size of the material particles is called the particle size, which is the representative size of the degree of crushing.
According to the size of the material to be crushed and the size of the finished product, the grinding can be divided into four kinds: coarse grinding, medium grinding, micro grinding and ultrafine grinding: (1) coarse grinding: the original particle size is in the range of 40~1500mm, the finished particle size is 5~50mm; ② Medium crushing: raw material size 10~100mm, finished product size 5~10mm; ③ Micro-grinding (fine grinding) : raw material particle size 5~10mm, finished product particle size 100μm below; ④ Ultrafine grinding (ultrafine grinding) : the particle size of the raw material is 5~10mm, and the particle size of the finished product is below 10μm.
The principle of ultra-fine crushing technology and the purpose and significance of Chinese medicine processing
The purpose of ultrafine pulverization is mainly to use some characteristics of micro-powder, such as surface accumulation, surface energy, high surface activity, and the drug is easily absorbed by the human body after ultrafine pulverization, enhancing co-efficacy, and improving the preparation medicine grinding process.
Chinese Medicine , Cannabis, Herbs
Technical
High speed and low temperature crushing
Ultrafine grinding technology is the use of supersonic flow grinding, cold pulp grinding and other methods, and the previous pure mechanical grinding method is completely different. In the crushing process will not produce local overheating phenomenon, and even can be crushed at low temperature, fast, instant completion, so as to maximize the retention of the bioactive ingredients of the powder, in order to facilitate the production of the required high-quality products.
The particle size is fine and evenly distributed
Due to the adoption of supersonic air flow grinding, the distribution of force on the raw material is quite uniform. The setting of the classification system not only strictly limits the large particles, avoids the occurrence of over-fragmentation, and obtains the ultra-fine powder with uniform particle size distribution, but also greatly increases the specific surface area of the micro-powder, so that the adsorption and solubility are also correspondingly increased.
Save raw materials and improve utilization
After the object is ultrafine pulverized, the ultrafine powder with near nanometer fine particle size can generally be directly used for preparation production, and the products of conventional pulverization still need some intermediate links in order to meet the requirements of direct production, which is likely to cause waste of raw materials. Therefore, the technology is particularly suitable for the crushing of precious and rare raw materials.
Reduce pollution.
Ultrafine grinding is carried out under a closed system, which not only avoids the pollution of the surrounding environment by micro-powder, but also prevents the pollution of the product by dust in the air. Therefore, the application of this technology in food and medical care products can control the microbial content and dust.
Grinding Method:
Grinding medium grinding
Grinding grinding is produced with the aid of a moving grinding medium (grinding medium); Hit, and not; The bending, extrusion and shearing forces of the hitting type achieve the process of crushing the material particles. The grinding process is mainly grinding and friction, that is, extrusion and shear. The effect depends on the size, shape, ratio, movement mode, filling rate of the material, crushing mechanical characteristics of the material and so on. The typical equipment of grinding medium grinding is ball mill, stirring mill and vibration mill.
The ball mill is a traditional equipment for ultra-fine grinding, and the product particle size can reach 20-40 microns. When the product particle size is required to be below 20 microns, the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is large, and the processing time is long. Stirring mill is developed on the basis of ball mill, which is mainly composed of grinding container agitator, disperser, separator and feed pump. When working, under the centrifugal force produced by the high-speed rotation of the dispersion, the grinding medium and the particle slurry; The inner wall of the neutral spinner produces a medium impact of shear, friction and extrusion, which crushes the particles. The mixing mill can achieve the ultrafine and homogenization of the product particles, and the average particle size of the finished product can reach a minimum of several microns. Vibration mill is produced by high-frequency vibration of grinding medium. The average particle size of the finished product can reach 2-3 microns and the crushing efficiency is much higher than that of the ball mill, and the processing capacity is more than 10 times that of the ball mill with the same capacity.
Air flow ultrafine grinding
Air grinding can be used for ultra-fine grinding, which takes compressed air or superheated steam and supersonic turbulent air generated through the nozzle as the carrier of particles, impact backloading, friction and shear between particles and particles or between particles and fixed plate, so as to achieve the purpose of crushing. Since the birth of the first industrial air mill in the United States in the 1940s, there are now six major types of air mill: disc type, circulating tube type, target type, collision type, rotary impact type and fluidized bed type. Compared with the ordinary mechanical ultrafine mill, the airflow mill can crush the product very fine (the fineness of the powder can reach 2 to 40 microns), and the particle size distribution is narrower, that is, the particle size is more uniform. And because the gas expands at the nozzle to cool down, there is no associated heat in the crushing process, so the crushing temperature rise is very low. This property is particularly important for ultrafine grinding of low melting point and heat sensitive materials. However, the energy consumption of air crushing is large, and the energy utilization rate is only about 2%, which is generally considered to be several times higher than other crushing methods.
It is worth pointing out that it is generally believed that the product particle size is proportional to the feeding speed, that is, the larger the feeding speed, the larger the product particle size. When the feeding speed or the particle concentration in the crusher reaches a certain value, this statement is reasonable. Because the feeding speed increases, the particle concentration in the crusher also increases, the particle crowding phenomenon occurs, and even the particle flow is like the plunger, only the particles at the front of the “plunger” have the possibility of effective collision, and the particles in the back only have low-speed collision and friction between each other and heat. However, this does not mean that the smaller the particle concentration, the smaller the product particle size, or the higher the crushing efficiency. On the contrary, when the particle concentration is low to a certain extent, there will be a lack of collision opportunities between particles and reduce the crushing efficiency.
Mechanical shear ultrafine grinding
Most of the existing crushing methods are impact. For materials with high brittleness and low toughness, these methods are always effective. However, based on the development of deep processing of agricultural products, especially the crushing of fresh or high-fiber materials with the highest water content (mostly ductile materials and flexible materials), the effect of air impact crushing is not good, which is reflected in the large particle size of products, high energy consumption, and the shear type of crushing of such substances is more appropriate. Although there are many methods of ultrafine grinding, the supersonic ultrafine grinding method in air flow is more widely used in food processing at present.
With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, more and more attention is paid to the requirements of food. This puts forward higher requirements for the processing technology of food, not only to ensure the good taste of food, but also to ensure that the nutrients are not destroyed, but also more conducive to the absorption of the human body. Ultra-fine grinding technology according to its characteristics, applied in the field of food processing, just can achieve some of the above effects. Ultrafine treatment of food particles can make its specific surface area multiply, improve the activity and absorption rate of some ingredients, and make the surface charge and adhesion of food undergo wonderful changes.
Application:
The use of food resources
Wheat bran, oat husk, corn husk, corn germ slag, bean husk, rice bran, beet slag and bagasse, etc., contain rich vitamins, trace elements, etc., have good nutritional value, but because of the large grain size of conventional crushed fiber, affect the taste of food, and make consumers difficult to accept. The taste and absorbability of fiber food ”” can be significantly improved by the microfinization of fiber, so that food resources are fully utilized and the nutrition of food is enriched. The peel and core can be transformed into food by ultra-fine grinding. Vegetables are ground into micro-paste powder at low temperature, which not only preserves all nutrients, but also increases water solubility due to fine fiber and better taste. The inedible parts of some animals and plants, such as bone, shell (such as eggshell), shrimp skin, etc., can also become calcium sources and chitin that are easily absorbed and utilized by the human body through micronization.
All kinds of animal and poultry fresh bone contains rich protein and fat, phospholipid, phosphoprotein, can promote the development of children’s brain nerve, brain and wisdom effect. Fresh bone contains collagen (amino acid), chondroitin, and so on, has the role of moisturizing skin anti-aging, fresh bone also contains vitamins A, B, B2, B12 and other nutrients. Calcium, iron and other content in fresh bone is also very high, such as pig bone contains complex calcium phosphate, lipid and protein and other main components.
Generally, fresh bone is boiled and boiled after consumption, in fact: the nutrients of fresh bone are not absorbed by the human body, resulting in a waste of resources. The use of air flow ultrafine grinding technology, fresh bone multi-stage grinding processing into ultrafine bone mud or dehydration into bone meal, not only can maintain more than 95% of nutrients, but also easy to be directly absorbed by the human body, the absorption rate can reach more than 90%. Bone is a bulk by-product of meat factories and is mostly sold for disposal at low prices. Therefore, making bone into calcium-rich products has both nutritional and economic significance.
In addition, the traditional method of drinking tea is to brew tea with boiling water, but the human body has not fully absorbed all the nutrients of tea, some insoluble or insoluble components, such as vitamins A, K, E and most of the protein, carbohydrates, carotene and some minerals, are retained in large quantities in the tea residue greatly affecting the nutrition and health function of tea. If the tea is made into powder tea at room temperature and dry state, so that the particle size of the powder is less than 5 microns, all the nutrients of the tea are easy to be directly absorbed by the human stomach and intestines, and become a solution when drinking with water, without precipitation.
New functional foods or additives
- fiber food diet. Cellulose is called the “seventh nutrient” by the modern nutrition community, it can be used as a food filler or physiological active substance, and is an important functional base food for the prevention and treatment of modern “civilization disease” and balanced dietary structure. Therefore, increasing the intake of dietary fiber is an important measure to improve human health. With the help of modern ultrafine grinding technology, the food fiber particles can significantly improve the taste and absorption of fiber food.
- calcium supplement food. The micro powder of animal bone, shell, skin and so on is organic calcium, which is easier to be absorbed and utilized by human body than inorganic calcium. These organic calcium can be used as additives to make bone meal (mud) series of foods with high calcium and high iron, which has unique nutritional and health functions, so it is known as “21st century functional food”. When the particle size of these organic calcium powders (including pearl powders) is less than 5 microns, it can be used to enrich calcium in some calcium-deficient foods such as soy milk.
- Chitin. The ultrafine powder of crab shell, shrimp shell, maggot, pupa, etc. can be used as fresh-keeping agent, water-holding agent, antioxidant, etc., and has many other functions after modification.
Change traditional technology
Improving food quality and reducing production costs ultrafine grinding can revolutionize some food processing processes or processes. For example, instant tea production, the traditional method is to extract the effective ingredients in tea, and then concentrate and dry to produce powdered instant tea. Now the ultrafine grinding only needs one step to get the powder tea product, which greatly simplifies the production process and greatly reduces the production cost. Second is the production of soybean powder, the traditional process is to first soak soybeans, and then broken, peeled, fine grinding dehydration, drying, if the use of dry ultrafine grinding technology, soybeans do not need to add water soaking, can be directly broken, ultrafine soybean powder products. In this way, not only retains the nutrients of the bean skin, but also saves energy, because the traditional method of adding water first, and then dehydration and drying, wasting a lot of energy.
Soft drink processing
Soft drinks such as powder tea, bean solid drink, calcium-rich beverage prepared with ultra-fine bone meal and instant mung bean extract can be developed by using air flow micro-pulverization technology. If the tea is made into tea powder at room temperature and dry state, so that the particle size of the powder is less than 5 microns, all the nutrients of the tea are easy to be directly absorbed by the human stomach and stomach, and can be immediately drunk. Oolong tea, black tea, green tea, tea powder can also be added to various foods, so as to process a new kind of tea products.
In the process of milk production, the fat is obviously refined by means of homogenization. If 98% of the fat balls are less than 2 microns in diameter, excellent homogenization can be achieved, good taste and easy digestion. Plant protein drinks are made from protein-rich plant seeds and various fruit pits by soaking, grinding, homogenizing and other operation units. When grinding, colloidal grinding is used to the particle size of 5~8 microns, and then homogenizing to 1~2 microns. At this particle size, protein solid particles and fat particles can be made smaller, thereby preventing protein sinking and fat floating. The huge pores of condiment processing micro-powder food cause a collection cavity, which can absorb and hold the aroma for a long time, which is one of the important methods of solid aroma, so the flavor and taste of the ultrafine powder used as a condiment are more intense and prominent. As a new food processing method, the ultrafine grinding technology can make the traditional seasoning (mainly spices) finely broken into fine ultrafine particles with uniform particle size and good dispersion. As the particle size of spices decreases continuously, its fluidity, dissolution rate and absorption rate increase, and the flavor effect is also improved.
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Chocolate production
The chocolate must have a fine and smooth taste, so the particle size of the chocolate ingredient cannot be greater than 25 microns. When the average particle size is greater than 40 microns, the taste of chocolate is significantly rough. Therefore, only ultrafine grinding of chocolate ingredients can ensure the quality of chocolate. In Switzerland, Japan and other countries, the main use of five-roll grinding machine and ball grinding machine. A chocolate ball mill suitable for China’s national conditions has been designed and developed, grinding fineness and energy consumption indicators reach and exceed similar foreign models, especially more than 50% energy saving than the scraper grinding machine.
The above lists several applications of ultrafine grinding technology in food processing, which thinks that the application of ultrafine grinding technology in food is far from limited to this.
The future course of development
Different materials have different grinding characteristics, often need different grinding methods, in food processing ultrafine grinding equipment is generally air mill and rubber mill, air grinding is currently more advanced ultrafine grinding equipment. Low temperature rise in the processing process, especially suitable for heat-sensitive food processing, but large energy consumption. Glue mill is widely used in food ultrafine grinding process, it is a more traditional method. According to the literature, 95-99% of mechanical crushing can become heat, so the material temperature rise is inevitable. Heat-sensitive food is easy to deteriorate, melt, paste, and the machine’s crushing capacity will also be reduced.
For this purpose, appropriate cooling methods can be used before or during crushing. For the same food material also often need a variety of crushing methods to be effectively crushed; Each kind of crushing equipment often combines a variety of crushing methods; In the crushing process, the energy required for particle crushing and surface area increase is far lower than the actual total input energy, indicating that the actual input energy of the mill may far exceed the effective energy consumption, in other words, the energy saving of the mill has great potential to be mined.
The application of ultrafine grinding technology in food processing has two important meanings, one is to improve the taste of food, and is conducive to the absorption of nutrients; Second, raw materials that could not be fully absorbed or utilized were reused, formulated and deeply processed into various functional foods, developed new food materials, increased new food varieties, and improved resource utilization.
The proportion of the total output value of China’s food industry in the industrial sector has jumped to the first place, reaching 500 billion yuan, but the product structure is not reasonable, deep-processed products that are only 16% of the food manufacturing industry. At present, promoting the deep processing of the food industry and improving the added value of products has become the consensus of society and enterprises. Therefore, as a kind of high and new technology, ultrafine grinding technology will have a broad application prospect in food processing.
Food Producing Process Flow:
Ultrafine grinding is one of the very key procedure in whole production line. It depends how many mesh that customer need to produce. That’s to say this machine can decide what kind of material will get finally before mxing.
Coarse Crusher Machine —>Grinding Machine —> Vibrating Table Sifter Machine—>Mixing Machine—>Packing Machine —> (Printed Packaging Film Roll or bags ) —> Filling, sealing machine, capping and Labeling Machine —>Pack into Box.
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